Nepal has recorded nearly 400 snow leopards in its first-ever national survey, bringing fresh hope for the survival of this elusive species. The count, based on genetic testing and camera traps, was conducted in seven key regions of the Himalayas. Wildlife officials announced the results on Tuesday, confirming that the estimated population stands at 397. This number lies at the higher end of previous global estimates and marks a major milestone in Nepal’s conservation efforts.
Nepal’s First Comprehensive Snow Leopard Census
Nepal’s Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, alongside conservation partners, led the extensive survey. Motion-sensor cameras and genetic analysis were used to count the big cats across rugged mountain landscapes.
Snow leopards are known for their stealth and adaptability. With thick, grey spotted fur and wide paws that help them walk on snow, they are often called the “ghosts of the mountains.” Their elusive nature has made population studies difficult until now.
Senior ecologist Haribhadra Acharya called the survey a “historic step,” noting that the data is the most reliable ever collected on Nepal’s snow leopards.
Global Significance of Nepal’s Population
Despite making up only 2% of global snow leopard habitats, Nepal is home to around 10% of the world’s estimated snow leopards. According to Ghana S. Gurung, WWF Nepal’s country representative, Nepal ranks fourth in snow leopard population size, just behind countries with much larger habitat ranges.
This highlights Nepal’s outsized role in global snow leopard conservation, especially when compared to its small geographic coverage of snow leopard territory.
Conservation Gains Amid Growing Threats
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists snow leopards as “vulnerable” due to habitat loss, poaching, and climate change. However, the results from Nepal show that focused conservation efforts can yield real results.
Conservationists warn that snow leopards remain at risk. Human activities, such as road construction and the search for medicinal herbs, are increasingly disrupting their habitats. The expansion of infrastructure like power lines also poses a threat.
Lead researcher Acharya emphasized that growing human presence in mountain regions is fragmenting habitats, making survival harder for snow leopards.
Climate Change Adds New Challenges
The impacts of climate change are becoming more evident in the Himalayas. Avalanches are increasing, and erratic weather patterns are disrupting natural ecosystems. These changes put further pressure on snow leopards, which already face a shrinking range due to rising temperatures and melting glaciers.
Experts believe that protecting snow leopards will require not just national action but international cooperation. The Snow Leopard Trust, a U.S.-based conservation group, estimates that there are between 3,920 and 6,390 snow leopards spread across 12 countries in Asia.
Nepal’s Wider Conservation Success
Nepal’s conservation track record has drawn international praise. The country has seen notable recoveries of other endangered species, including Bengal tigers and one-horned rhinos.
Since 2010, Nepal has tripled its tiger population to 355. It has also increased its one-horned rhino population from around 100 in the 1960s to over 750 in 2021. These achievements are credited to strict anti-poaching laws, protected areas, and community-based conservation programs.
Looking Ahead: Sustaining Momentum
The snow leopard survey marks a turning point for wildlife conservation in Nepal. It not only provides a clear picture of the species’ status but also acts as a foundation for future conservation planning.
Wildlife experts stress the importance of maintaining natural corridors, regulating human activity in high-altitude zones, and increasing awareness among local communities.
Continued investment in research and monitoring will also be essential to track population trends and respond to emerging threats.
Nepal’s confirmation of nearly 400 snow leopards is a major win for conservation and a beacon of hope for endangered species. As the country works to balance development with environmental protection, its leadership in wildlife conservation sets a strong example for the world.
